Located in Isiolo County, northern Kenya, Buffalo Springs National Reserve spans 131 km² south of the Ewaso Ngiro River. Adjoining Samburu Reserve, it combines semi-arid savanna, rolling plains and volcanic terrain, with wildlife adapted to dry environments: Grevy's zebra, reticulated giraffe, beisa oryx, gerenuk and Somali ostrich.

Why visit Buffalo Springs

Buffalo Springs offers a safari experience distinct from Kenya's southern parks. The species living here are largely endemic to the arid north: the famous Special Five (Grevy's zebra, reticulated giraffe, gerenuk, beisa oryx, Somali ostrich). The reserve is also home to four of the Big Five — elephants, leopards, lions and buffalo — with rhinoceros being the only absence. Natural springs that gave the site its name regularly draw wildlife, which facilitates observation near water points in the reserve's western reaches.

History

The site has been protected since 1948, when it was incorporated into the Samburu-Isiolo Game Reserve. The current boundaries of Buffalo Springs Reserve were defined in 1985, and management was entrusted to Isiolo County Council. The site's name refers to a spring located on the plateau, which feeds several permanent water sources. These springs have historically been used by local wildlife and the Samburu community settled on the periphery.

What to see and do

The Special Five wildlife

The Special Five are the signature of Buffalo Springs. Grevy's zebra, the largest of all zebras and critically endangered, is recognized by its fine stripes and large ears. The reticulated giraffe displays a coat with clear patterns separated by white lines. The gerenuk, a long-necked antelope, feeds by standing on its hind legs. The beisa oryx and Somali ostrich complete this group unique to the semi-arid regions of northern Kenya.

The Ewaso Ngiro River

The Ewaso Ngiro River runs through the reserve from west to east. Its banks concentrate much of the animal life: elephants coming to bathe in mud, buffalo herds, lions in ambush and Nile crocodiles submerged in the brown waters. It is one of the best areas for late-afternoon outings.

The Champagne Ride and volcanic landscapes

In the southeast of the reserve, the Champagne Ride corresponds to an ancient lava terrace traversed by 4x4. The area offers sweeping vistas over surrounding plains and provides good contrast with the wooded banks of the river.

Birdwatching

Over 390 bird species have been recorded in the reserve. Among the most frequently observed are the Cape swift, black-bellied sunbird, ashy cisticola, white-browed sparrow-weaver and bare-eyed thrush. Birdwatchers favour the banks of the Ewaso Ngiro and thorn scrub zones.

Meeting the Samburu community

On the periphery of the reserve, several Samburu villages welcome visitors. Related to the Maasai, the Samburu maintain a semi-nomadic lifestyle based on herding. A visit offers insight into their traditions, beadwork craftsmanship and herding techniques adapted to an arid environment.

When to go

The reserve can be visited year-round, but certain periods are more favourable:

• Dry season, June to October and January to February: vegetation becomes sparse, wildlife concentrates around water points and observation is easier.
• November to April: presence of migrant birds, greener landscapes after rains, but animals more scattered.

Practical information

The reserve is open daily. Entries are made during daylight hours, according to standard schedules for Kenyan protected areas; it is recommended to arrive early morning for best wildlife viewing. Entry fees distinguish between foreign visitors, East African residents and Kenyan citizens, with reduced rates for children and students. Additional fees apply for vehicles and certain activities. For current rates, it is best to check with Isiolo County Council or your agency before departure.

Plan for a 4x4 vehicle, neutral-toned clothing, binoculars and sun protection. Accommodation is in lodges and camps located within the reserve or in its immediate vicinity.

How to get there

By road

Buffalo Springs is approximately 320 km north of Nairobi, a 5 to 6-hour drive via Nanyuki and Isiolo. The road is paved to the reserve's approaches.

By air

Domestic flights connect Nairobi's Wilson Airport to Samburu Buffalo and Kalama airstrips in approximately one hour's flight. A 4x4 transfer then conducts you to the lodge.

Combine with nearby attractions

Buffalo Springs fits naturally into a northern Kenya circuit. Kakamega Forest allows you to extend exploration westward into a completely different ecosystem. For a contrast of landscapes, Hell's Gate National Park and Crescent Island Sanctuary, around Lake Naivasha, complement the itinerary before or after heading north. In Nairobi, the Giraffe Centre allows you to encounter Rothschild giraffes in a captive educational setting.

Frequently asked questions

Plan your trip

Buffalo Springs lends itself particularly well to a combined circuit in northern Kenya, complementing the major southern reserves. To build a bespoke itinerary, consult our Kenya travel suggestions.